Steel Grade Standards: Cross-Reference Table

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Different steel grades and designation standards exist, varying by country, company tradition, and engineering practice. The complexity of steel grade equivalence arises from each country having its own standardization system, leading to different names for steels with similar compositions and properties.

To ease communication, we provide a table showing steel grades across nine popular national standards, illustrating their equivalences. Explanations of how each standard designates steel grades are provided in the last part with examples.

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Cross-Reference Table of Steel Grading Systems

Steel grades are categorized into four main types based on their chemical composition and properties: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Tool Steel. While these categories cover common steel types, they are too general for specific uses. Thousands of sub-types exist, each needing unique classification and naming.

The table below provides a cross reference for nine steel grade standards:

EN steel number (Europe)EN steel name (Europe)ASTM grade (USA)AISI/SAE grade (USA)UNS (USA)DIN (Germany)BS (UK)UNI (Italy)JIS (Japan)
Carbon Steels
1.1141
1.0401
1.0453
C15D
C18D
 1010
1018
 CK15
C15
C16.8
040A15
080M15
080A15
EN3B
C15
C16
1C15
S12C
S15
S15CK
S15C
1.0503
1.1191
1.1193
1.1194
C45 1045 C45
CK45
CF45
CQ45
060A47
080A46
080M46
C45
1C45
C46
C43
S45C
S48C
1.0726
1.0727
35S20
45S20
 1140/1146 35S20
45S20
212M40
En8M
  
1.0715
1.0736
11SMn37 1215 9SMn28
9SMn36
230M07
En1A
CF9SMn28
CF9SMn36
SUM 25
SUM 22
1.0718
1.0737
11SMnPb30
11SMnPb37
 12L14 9SMnPb28
9SMnPb36
230M07 Leaded
En1B Leaded
CF9SMnPb29
CF9SMnPb36
SUM 22
SUM 23
SUM 24
1.1555C120U   C125WBW1CC120KUSK2
Alloy Steels
1.7218  4130 25CrMo4
GS-25CrMo4
708A30
CDS110
25CrMo4 (KB)
30CrMo4
SCM 420
SCM 430
SCCrM1
1.7223
1.7225
1.7227
1.3563
42CrMo4 4140/4142 41CrMo4
42CrMo4
42CrMoS4
43CrMo4
708M40
708A42
709M40
En19
En19C
41CrMo4
38CrMo4 (KB)
G40 CrMo4
42CrMo4
SCM 440
SCM 440H
SNB 7
SCM 4M
SCM 4
1.6582
1.6562
34CrNiMo6 4340 34CrNiMo6
40NiCrMo8-4
817M40
En24
35NiCrMo6 (KB)
40NiCrMo7 (KB)
SNCM 447
SNB24-1-5
1.6543
1.6523
20NiCrMo2-2 8620 21NiCrMo22
21NiCrMo2
805A20
805M20
20NiCrMo2SNCM 200 (H)
1.541516Mo3A240 A/B/C K12822
K12320
K12020
K11820
15Mo31503-243B
240
243
15Mo3
16Mo3
STBA12
Tool Steels
1.2363X100CrMoV5 A-2T30102X100CrMoV51BA 2X100CrMoV5-1 KUSKD 12
   A-3T30103    
   A-4T30104    
   A-6T30106    
   A-7T30107    
   A-8T30108    
   A-9T30109    
1.2365X32CrMoV3-3
32CrMoV12-28
 H10T20810X32CrMoV3-3
32CrMoV12-28
  SKD 7
1.2379X153CrMoV12 D-2 X153CrMoV12-1BD 2X155CrVMo12-1SKD 11
1.2510  O-1 100MnCrW4Bo 195MnWCr-5 KU 
Stainless Steels
1.4310X10CrNi18-8 301S30100    
1.4318X2CrNiN18-7 301LN     
1.4305X8CrNiS18-9 303S30300X10CrNiS18-9303S 31
En58M
X10CrNiS18-09SUS 303
1.4301X2CrNi19-11
X2CrNi18-10
 304S30400X5CrNi18-9
X5CrNi18-10
XCrNi19-9
304S 15
304S 16
304S 18
304S 25
En58E
X5CrNi18-10SUS 304
SUS 304-CSP
1.4306X2CrNi19-11 304LS30403 304S 11 SUS304L
1.4311X2CrNiN18-10 304LNS30453    
1.4948X6CrNi18-11 304HS30409    
1.4303X5CrNi18-12 305S30500    
1.4401
1.4436
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
X5CrNiMo18-14-3
 316S31600X5CrNiMo17 12 2
X5CrNiMo17 13 3
X5CrNiMo 19 11
X5CrNiMo 18 11
316S 29
316S 31
316S 33
En58J
X5CrNiMo17 12
X5CrNiMo17 13
X8CrNiMo17 13
SUS 316
SUS316TP
1.4404X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316LS31603 316S 11 SUS316L
1.4406
1.4429
X2CrNiMoN17-12-2
X2CrNiMoN17-13-3
 316LNS31653    
1.4571  316TiS31635X6CrNiMoTi17-12320S 33  
1.4438X2CrNiMo18-15-4 317LS31703    
1.4541  321S32100X6CrNiTi18-10321S 31 SUS321
1.4848GX40CrNiSi25-20A351 HK40 J94204SEW 595 GX40CrNiSi25-20310C40 SCH22
1.4859GX10NiCrSiNb32-20  N08151GX10NiCrSiNb32-20   
1.4878X12CrNiTi18-9
X8CrNiTi18-10
 321HS32109    
1.4906X7CrNiNb18-10 347HS34709    
1.4512X6CrTi12 409S40900   SUH409
   410S41000    
1.4016  430S43000X6Cr17430S 17 SUS430
   440AS44002    
1.4112  440BS44003    
1.4125  440CS44004X105CrMo17  SUS440C
1.4104  430FS44020X14CrMoS17  SUS430F
1.4057X17CrNi16-2 431 XS43100X16CrNi16431S 29 SUS431
1.542316Mo5A335 P14520
4419H
4419
K1152216Mo5  STPA12
1.771514MoV6-3A335 P2 K1154714MoV6-3660 STPA20
1.7335
1.7338
13CrMo4-5
10CrMo5-5
A335 P11 K11597   STPA23
1.7375
1.7380
1.7383
10CrMo9-10
11CrMo9-10
12CrMo9-10
A335 P22 K2159017175 10CrMo910  STPA24
1.7362
1.7366
X11CrMo5
X12CrMo5
12CrMo19-5
A335 P5501
502
K41545
S50100
S50200
   STPA25
1.7386X11CrMo9-1
X12CrMo9-1
A335 P9503S50400
S50488
K90941
   STPA26
1.4903X10CrMoVNbN9-1A335 P91 K91560X10CrMoVNbN9-1   
1.4905
1.4906
X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1
X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1
A335 P92 K92460X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1
X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1
   
1.4539X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 904LN08904    
1.4547X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7  S31254    
1.4565  NIT50S20910    
   NIT60S21800   

Nine Steel Grades Numbering Systems Explained

Steel grades convey information like chemical composition, properties, fabrication processes, and forms. Grading is crucial for fabricators, engineers, and consumers, providing a standard way to communicate steel properties.

Below are common international standards and their steel grade numbering systems, along with explanations and examples for each.

UNS (USA)

The Unified Numbering System (UNS) identifies metals and alloys, including steels, with a unique alphanumeric code. The UNS designation includes a letter prefix and a five-digit number, but doesn’t directly indicate chemical composition or steel properties.

Prefix for Steels:

– ‘S’ for stainless steel.

– ‘G’ for carbon and alloy steels.

– ‘T’ for tool steels.

The five-digit number is unique to each steel composition and doesn’t inherently convey the steel’s properties.

Examples:

– S30400: A common stainless steel, known as 304 stainless steel.

– G10200: Represents a carbon steel similar to AISI/SAE 1020 steel.

EN (Europe)

The EN (European Norm) standard uses numbers and letters for precise identification of steel types and properties. The prefix usually includes “EN” and digits for the specific standard. Additional letters and numbers indicate the steel’s main properties and processing details.

Examples:

– S235JR: A structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa.

– EN 1.4301: A type of stainless steel, commonly known as 304.

– C45E: A carbon steel with 0.45% carbon, suitable for engineering purposes.

DIN (Germany)

DIN standards by the German Institute for Standardization classify steels with alphanumeric codes indicating type, chemical composition, properties, and uses. The first part usually denotes the steel type, while subsequent sections detail its composition and properties.

Examples:

– St37-2: A structural steel with a yield strength of 370 N/mm².

– X5CrNi18-10: A high-alloy stainless steel with approximately 0.05% carbon, 18% chromium, and 10% nickel.

AISI/SAE (USA)

AISI/SAE standards classify steels using a four-digit system. The first two digits indicate primary alloying elements, and the last two represent carbon concentration.

Examples:

– 1020 Steel: A low-carbon steel with 0.20% carbon.

– 4140 Steel: An alloy steel with chromium, molybdenum, and 0.40% carbon.

For more details on AISI/SAE steel grades, you can refer to this blog: AISI/SAE Steel Grades System Explained

ASTM (USA)

ASTM standards categorize steels with a letter (usually ‘A’ for ferrous metals) followed by a number representing a specific steel type.

Examples:

– ASTM A36: A common structural steel.

– ASTM A516 Grade 70: A carbon steel plate for pressure vessels.

BS (Great Britain)

British Standards (BS) use a combination of letters and numbers to classify steels. Prefixes like ‘BS EN’ indicate harmonization with European Norms.

Examples:

– BS EN 10025 S355: A structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa.

– BS 970 080M40: A medium carbon steel with about 0.8% carbon content.

UNI (Italy)

UNI standards classify steels with prefixes and numbers indicating type and properties.

Examples:

– UNI Fe360: A structural steel with 360 MPa yield strength.

– UNI C40: A carbon steel with approximately 0.40% carbon.

JIS (Japan)

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) classify steels with a combination of letters and numbers indicating type and properties.

Examples:

– JIS SS400: A structural steel with 400 MPa tensile strength.

– JIS SUS304: A stainless steel grade with good corrosion resistance.

– JIS SCM435: A chromium molybdenum steel with specific properties.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding steel grade standards is vital for industry professionals who deal with design, engineering, and manufacturing, ensuring precise communication and selection of materials for specific applications. The cross-reference table provided here serves as access to nine common international steel standards to enable the use of the correct steel grades for specific projects, resulting in enhanced performance and reliability of their products and services​​.

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