Metal Strength Chart

metal strength
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Specialize in CNC Milling, CNC Turning, 3D Printing, Urethane Casting, and Sheet Metal Fabrication Services.


The strength of a metal is an important factor in determining its suitability for a particular application. Stronger metals can be used in structural applications, such as in the construction of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure, where they are subjected to high loads and stresses. They can also be used in the manufacture of mechanical components, such as gears, shafts, and bearings, where they must be able to withstand high levels of force. This article concludes the strength and mechanical properties of common metals in different grades or alloys for your reference.

Different Types of Metal Strength

There are several types of strength that can be used to describe the properties of a material:

  • Yield strength: This is the amount of stress a material can withstand before it begins to permanently deform. It is typically measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa).
  • Tensile strength: This is the maximum amount of tensile (stretching) stress a material can withstand before breaking. It is typically measured in psi or MPa.
  • Compressive strength: This is the maximum amount of compressive (squeezing) stress a material can withstand before breaking. It is typically measured in psi or MPa.
  • Shear strength: This is the maximum amount of shear (sliding) stress a material can withstand before breaking. It is typically measured in psi or MPa.
  • Torsional strength: This is the maximum amount of torsional (twisting) stress a material can withstand before breaking. It is typically measured in psi or MPa.
  • Fatigue strength: This is the maximum amount of cyclic stress that a material can withstand before failing due to fatigue. It is typically measured in psi or MPa.
  • Impact strength: This is the ability of a material to withstand a sudden load or impact without breaking. Impact strength is often measured using techniques such as the Izod or Charpy test.

General Properties of Metal Materials

There are several common properties that are used to describe the characteristics of metal materials:

  1. Strength: This refers to a material’s ability to withstand forces acting on it without breaking or deforming. The two most common measures of strength are yield strength and tensile strength. Yield strength is the point at which a material begins to permanently deform, while tensile strength is the maximum amount of tensile (stretching) stress a material can withstand before breaking.
  2. Ductility: This refers to a material’s ability to be stretched or deformed without breaking. A material that is highly ductile can be stretched or bent into a variety of shapes without breaking.
  3. Hardness: This refers to a material’s resistance to deformation, scratching, or indentation. Hardness is often measured using a variety of techniques, such as the Rockwell or Brinell test.
  4. Elasticity: This refers to a material’s ability to return to its original shape after being subjected to a force or load. Materials that are highly elastic will return to their original shape quickly and completely when the force is removed.
  5. Malleability: This refers to a material’s ability to be deformed or shaped by hammering or rolling. Materials that are highly malleable can be easily formed into a variety of shapes.
  6. Conductivity: This refers to a material’s ability to conduct electricity or heat. Metals are generally good conductors of electricity and heat, while non-metals are generally poor conductors.
  7. Corrosion resistance: This refers to a material’s ability to resist deterioration or damage due to chemical reactions with its environment. Some materials are naturally corrosion-resistant, while others may require protective coatings or other treatments to prevent corrosion.

Metal Strength Chart & Metal Mechanical Properties Chart

You are supposed to know some essential parameters when determining the right metal for your applications. Parameters such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, density, etc should be taken into account. The chart below may help you to have a good comparison between different metals.

Metal Strength Chart

Types of Metals Tensile Strength (PSI) Yield Strength (PSI) Hardness Rockwell B-Scale Density (kg/m3 )
Stainless Steel 304 90,000 40,000 88 8000
Aluminum 6061-T6 45,000 40,000 60 2720
Aluminum 5052-H32 33,000 28,000 2680
Aluminum 3003 22,000 21,000 20 to 25 2730
Steel A36 58-80, 000 36,000 7800
Steel grade 50 65,000 50,000 7800
Yellow Brass 40,000 55 8470
Red Brass 49,000 65 8746
Copper 28,000 10 8940
Phosphor Bronze 55,000 78 8900
Aluminum Bronze 27,000 77 7700-8700
Titanium 63,000 37,000 80 4500

Mechanical Properties of Steel Grades and Alloys

Properties Carbon Steels Alloy Steels Stainless Steels Tool Steels
Density (1000 kg/m3) 7.85 7.85 7.75-8.1 7.72-8.0
Elastic Modulus (GPa) 190-210 190-210 190-210 190-210
Poisson's Ratio 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3 0.27-0.3
Thermal Expansion (10-6/K) 11-16.6 9.0-15 9.0-20.7 9.4-15.1
Melting Point(C) 1371-1454
Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) 24.3-65.2 26-48.6 11.2-36.7 19.9-48.3
Specifc Heat (⊃/kg-K) 450-2081 452-1499 420-500
Electrical Resistivity (10-9W-m) 130-1250 210-1251 75.7-1020
Tensile Strength (MPa] 276-1882 758-1882 515-827 640-2000
Yield Strength (MPa) 186-758 366-1793 207- 552 380-440
Percent Elongation (%) 10-32 4-31 12-40 5-25
Hardness (Brinell 3000kg) 86-388 149-627 137-595 210-620

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Grades and Alloys

Grade UNS No. Common form Treatment Tensile strength MPa (min.) Yield strength (0.2% offset) MPa (min.) Elongation % in 50mm (min.) Hardness (max) (Note 2)
Austenitic stainless steels
253MA S30815 Plate Annealed 600 310 40 95 HRB
301 S30100 Sheet or coil Annealed 1/4 to full hard 515 860-1275 205 515- 965 40 25-9 95 HRB
302HQ S30430 Wire 2.5mm dia. and over Annealed Lighty drawn 605 max. 660 max. - - -
303 530300 Bar Cold finished Condition A 262 HB
304 530400 Plate Annealed 515 205 40 92 HRB
304L S30403 Plate Annealed 485 170 40 88 HRB
304H S30409 Plate Annealed 515 205 40 92 HRB
3095 530908 Bar Annealed 515 20 40 95 HRB
310 S31000 Plate Annealed 515 205 40 95 HRB
316 S31600 Plate Annealed 515 205 40 95 HRB
316L S31603 Plate Annealed 485 170 40 95 HRB
317L S31703 Plate Annealed 515 205 40 95 HRB
321 S32100 Sheet Annealed 515 205 40 95 HRB
347 S34700 Plate Annealed 515 205 39 92 HRB
904L N08904 Plate Annealed 490 220 40 70 - 90 NRB typical

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Grades and Alloys

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Grades and Alloys

Aluminum Alloy Temper Elastic Modulus (10⁶ psi) (GPa) Shear Modulus (10⁶ psi) (GPa) Yield Strength (10³ psi) (MPa) Tensile Strength (10³ psi) (MPa)
1100 10.0 3.75 3.5 11
1100 H12 10.0 3.75 11 14
2014 10.8 4.00 8 22
2014 T6 10.6 4.00 58 66
2014 T62 10.8 4.00 59 67
2017 T4 10.5 3.95 32 55
2024 T3 10.6 4.00 42 64
2024 T4 10.6 4.00 40 62
2025 T6 10.4 3.90 33 52
2124 T851 10.4 4.00 57 66
2219 T62 10.5 4.00 36 54
2618 T61 10.7 4.10 42 55
3003 10.0 3.75 5 14
3003 H18 10.0 3.75 25 27
3003 H112 10.0 3.75 10 17
354 T61 10.6 4.00 36 47
355 T51 10.2 3.80 22 27
355 T6 10.3 3.80 23 37
356 T7 10.3 3.85 21 29
356 T6 10.3 3.85 20 30
5052 10.2 3.80 9.5 25
5052 H32 10.2 3.80 23 31
5056 H38 10.3 3.75 50 60
5056 ANL 10.3 4.00 22 42
6061 T4 10.0 3.80 16 30
6061 T6 10.0 3.80 35 42
6062 10.0 3.75 5 14
6062 T4 10.0 3.75 16 26
6062 T6 10.0 3.75 35 38
6063 T42 10.0 3.75 10 17
6063 T5 10.0 3.75 16 22
6063 T6 10.0 3.75 25 30
6151 T6 10.1 3.85 37 44
7050 T7452 10.1-11.6 58 68
7050 T74 60 70
7075 T6 10.4 3.90 70 78
7075 T6 63 73
A356 T61 10.4 3.90 28 38
D712 T5 10.3 3.80 20 32

Mechanical Properties of Titanium Grades and Alloys

Tensile strength (min) 0.2% yield strength (min)
Designation MPa ksi MPa ksi
Unalloyed grades
ASTM grade 1 240 35 170 25
ASTM grade 2 340 50 280 40
ASTM grade 3 450 65 380 55
ASTM grade 4 550 80 480 70
ASTM grade 7 340 50 280 40
ASTM grade 11 240 35 170 25
α and near-α alloys
Ti-0.3M0-0.8Ni 480 70 380 55
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn 790 115 760 110
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-ELI 690 100 620 90
Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V 900 130 830 120
Ti-6A1-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo 900 130 830 120
Ti-6A1-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo 790 115 690 100
Ti-2.25Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo 1000 145 900 130
Ti-5.8Al-4Sn-3.5Zr-0.7Nb-0.5Mo-0.35Si 1030 149 910 132
α-β alloys
Ti-6Al-4V(a) 900 130 830 120
Ti-6Al-4V-ELI(a) 830 120 760 110
Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn(a) 1030 150 970 140
Ti-8Mn(a) 860 125 760 110
Ti-7Al-4Mo(a) 1030 150 970 140
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo(b) 1170 170 1100 160
Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr(b)(c) 1125 163 1055 153
Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr-2Mo-2Cr(c) 1030 150 970 140
Ti-3Al-2.5V(d) 620 90 520 75
Ti-4Al-4M0-2Sn-0.5Si 1100 160 960 139
β alloys
Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al(a)(C) 1170 170 1100 160
Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al(b) 1170 170 1100 160
Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al(b)(c) 1170 170 1100 160
Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr(a)(c) 900 130 830 120
Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn(a) 690 100 620 90
Ti-15V-3Cr-3AI-3Sn 1000(b) 145(b) 965(b) 140(b)
1241(f) 180(f) 1172(f) 170(f)
Ti-15Mo-3A1-2.7Nb-0.2Si 862 125 793 115

Mechanical Properties of Copper Grades and Alloys

Copper and Copper Alloy Plastic Properties
Uniaxial
No. Name and Treatment Test Temperature, K Tensile Strength, psi Yield Strength, psi Elongation, % in 4D Reduction of Area, %
102 Oxygen Free (Cold drawn 60%) 295 48,400 46,800 17 77
195 52,900 49,800 20 74
76 66,400 54,400 29 78
20 74,500 58,500 42 76
4 74,600 58,600 41 75
122 Phosphorus Deoxidized, High Residual Phosphorus (Annealed) 295 31,300 6,700 45 76
195 38,300 6,600 56 87
76 50,600 7,400 62 84
20 63,800 8,400 68 83
4 60,400 7,900 65 81
(Cold drawn 26%) 295 51,800 49,400 17 76
195 56,800 53,600 21 79
76 68,400 59,900 28 76
20 81,400 64,100 46 78
4 81,000 63,600 44 72
150 Zirconium Copper (Cold drawn, aged) 295 64,450 59,600 16 62
195 67,200 61,300 20 66
76 77,400 65,700 26 71
20 85,200 66,400 37 72
4 85,700 64,700 36 69
220 Commercial Bronze, 90% (Annealed) 295 38,500 9,600 56 84
195 41,800 10,200 57 80
76 55,200 13,200 86 78
20 73,200 15,600 95 73
4 68,200 15,000 91 73
230 Red Brass, 85% (Cold drawn 14%) 295 40,400 13,000 48 74
195 46,500 14,000 63 79
76 62,000 16,400 83 77
20 79,200 20,900 80 75
4 71,000 18,300 82 71
443 Admiralty Arsenical (Annealed) 295 44,800 10,600 86 81
195 49,600 12,600 91 79
76 64,600 18,700 98 73
20 76,800 20,800 99 68
4 78,600 21,100 92 72
464 Naval Brass (Annealed) 295 63,300 31,000 37 52
195 67,400 33,800 37 54
76 80,400 38,000 44 48
20 105,200 47,600 41 42
4 99,600 43,700 40 48
510 Phosphor Bronze, 5% A (Cold drawn 85%, spring) 295 77,400 72,000 18 78
195 85,600 78,700 20 78
76 105,200 89,200 34 67
20 131,000 104,800 39 62
4 116,400 100,400 34 58
614 Aluminum Bronze D (Annealed) 295 83,200 59,400 40 66
195 89,500 64,800 45 71
76 105,800 69,500 52 64
20 126,400 80,600 48 58
4 134,500 82,400 52 59
647 Copper-Nickel Silicon (Aged) 295 112,400 105,000 15 60
195 119,400 110,800 18 66
76 123,600 114,100 24 70
20 133,700 118,400 33 68
4 135,800 119,800 31 65
655 High Silicon Bronze A (Annealed, soft) 295 61,400 24,200 66 79
195 69,900 26800 68 79
76 89,000 31,900 71 69
20 108,900 37,600 72 69
4 101,200 36,900 71 70
706 Copper Nickel 10% (Annealed) 295 49,600 21,400 37 79
195 54,700 24,700 42 77
76 72,000 24,800 50 77
20 82,500 30,200 50 73
4 80,600 24,900 53 73
715 Copper Nickel 30% (Annealed) 295 57,800 18,700 47 68
195 68,000 22,200 48 70
76 89,800 31,600 52 70
20 103,100 38,100 51 66
4 104,600 40,100 48 65
Nickel-Aluminum Bronze (Sand cast) 295 101,200 44,000 11 9
195 104,600 47,800 9 9
76 117,100 54,900 6 7
20 126,600 61,600 6 2
4 130,500 60,100 6 5